Compute Excess of concentration of the winners’ distribution indicator

The indicator compares the concentration degree of the winners’ distribution of a contracting authority based on the contracts issued after the emergency with respect to what occurred before, with reference to the contracts belonging to the pertinent market.

Motivation

The red flag considers at risk contracting authorities showing an increase in the concentration of the winners’ distribution across the crisis, thus highlighting a high degree of awarding their contracts to an increasingly small number of firms.

Scoring rule

For each contracting authority, a comparison of concentration index (e.g., inverse of Gini-normalised for heterogeneity) - discretised into five categories - before and after the outbreak is performed. If concentration category across the emergency increases, this indicator will be equal to 1. Otherwise, it will be equal to 0.

Main target unit

This indicator targets contracting authorities

Usage

ind_5(data, stat_unit, publication_date, winners, emergency_name, cpvs, ...)

Arguments

data

a dataframe containing the data to use for computing the indicator.

stat_unit

name of the variable in data containing the target unit ID (in this case, contracting authority).

publication_date

name of the variable in data containing the publication date of each contract.

winners

name of the variable in data containing the winning company ID of each contract.

emergency_name

string specifying the name of the emergency to consider. Examples could include "Coronavirus" or "Terremoto Centro Italia 2016-2017".

cpvs

character vector of CPV divisions (first two digits of CPV code) on which data are filtered out. Note: a panel of experts have already chosen which CPV divisions are most affected by which emergency.

...

other parameters to pass to generate_indicator_schema(), such as country_name (default: Italy).

Value

indicator schema as from generate_indicator_schema().

See also

ymd filter, mutate, if_else, group_by, summarise, context

Examples

if (FALSE) {
if (interactive()) {
  mock_data_core <- mock_data_core |>
    tidyr::unnest(aggiudicatari, keep_empty = TRUE)
  ind_5(
    data = mock_data_core,
    publication_date = data_pubblicazione,
    stat_unit = cf_amministrazione_appaltante,
    winners = codice_fiscale,
    emergency_name = "coronavirus"
  )
}
}